It is a system that aims to reduce the heat generated as a result of combustion by directing (recycling) some of the exhaust gas in internal combustion engines back into the engine and into the cylinders, thus keeping environmentally harmful nitrogen oxide gases (NOx) under control. It is widely used in today's gasoline and diesel engines.
The mixture of fresh air entering the engine with burnt exhaust gas reduces the combustion temperature and (in diesel engines) the amount of excess oxygen. Since the formation of NOx gases accelerates at high temperatures, controlling the temperature also helps control the formation of harmful NOx gases.
Contrary to popular belief, a well-functioning EGR system increases the efficiency of gasoline engines.